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Saturday, September 12, 2026 · Global Edition
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Blockchain

How distributed ledgers reach agreement, what a block contains, when a transaction becomes final, and which guarantees a chain does not provide.

Stepped chart of Bitcoin's block subsidy halving from fifty to 1.5625 coins
Blockchain

What is the Bitcoin halving?

The Bitcoin halving is the protocol rule that cuts the block subsidy in half every 210,000 blocks — the next drop, 3.125 to 1.5625 BTC, is expected around 2028.

One large voting bloc dominating a sparse town assembly hall
Blockchain

What is a 51% attack?

A 51% attack is what happens when one party commands most of a blockchain's power — it can rewrite recent history, but far less than headlines imply.

Open reference ledger on a stand in an empty public records room
Blockchain

How to read a block explorer, step by step

A block explorer is a free, public window onto any blockchain — here is how to read one safely, from search box to confirmation count.

Aluminum cubes linked in a row on a dark studio surface
Blockchain

What goes inside a blockchain block?

A blockchain block is a container with two parts — a header of metadata and a list of transactions — and together those fields are what turn separate batches…

Chart comparing how many blocks different networks require before payments become final
Blockchain

What does block finality mean?

Block finality is the moment a blockchain payment stops being reversible — and it arrives on a different schedule for every chain.